Reading & Witing HANDBOOK for the College Student MLA 9th–APA 7th–CMS 17th–CSE 8th Third Edition HBK3_Cover.indd 111/11/2021 1:31:53 PMReading & Witing HANDBOOK for the College Student HBK3_Preface.indd 111/2/2021 2:55:27 PMProduct Manager & Lead Editor: Sarah Quinn Editors: Lararon aitlinoleman aitlinEal Assistant Editor: laire rlic Creative Services Manager: osa aler Designers: Tryove ryanitcell amesmalls atricTompson oel Travis Cover Design: oel Travis A division of Quant Systems, Inc. Lon oint oa ont leasant y Haes Learninant ystems Inc ll rits reserve o part of tis plication may e reproce store in a retrieval system or transmitte in any form or y any means electronic mecanical potocopyin recorin or oterise itot te prior ritten consent of t e pliser rinte in te nite tates of merica Library of Congress Number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 11 ISBN: HBK3_Preface.indd 211/11/2021 1:34:35 PMTable of Contents PART 1 Reading & Writing Chapter 1 Thinking Critically 1aCritical Reading Process ................................... 3 1bDetermining the Purpose of a Text .......................... 8 1cDetermining the Audience of a Text ........................ 13 Chapter 2 The Writing Process 2aPre-writing .............................................. .17 2b Drafting ................................................ 23 2cRevising ................................................ 25 2d Editing ................................................. 26 2e Reflecting .............................................. 29 Chapter 3 Common Essay Components 3a Introductions............................................ 33 3b Thesis and Purpose Statements ........................... 35 3c Effective Body Paragraphs ................................ .37 3d Conclusions ............................................. .41 3e Sample Essay and Organizer .............................. 42 Chapter 4 Organizational Patterns 4a Cause and Effect ......................................... 45 4b Chronological ........................................... 48 4cCompare and Contrast ................................... .51 4d Order of Importance ..................................... 53 4eSpatial.................................................. 56 4fTopical ................................................. 58 iiiChapter 5 Writing Across the Curriculum 5a Similarities & Differences in Writing Assignments ............ .61 5b English, Literature, and Language Studies................... 63 5c Business Courses ........................................ 65 5d History ................................................. .67 5e Psychology .............................................. 69 5fLab Sciences ............................................ 70 5g Engineering and Technology .............................. 72 PART 2 Effective Sentences Chapter 6 Combining Word Groups 6a Coordination ............................................ .77 6b Subordination ........................................... 78 6cParallelism .............................................. 80 Chapter 7 Agreement 7aSubject-Verb Agreement .................................. 82 7bPronoun-Antecedent Agreement........................... 86 Chapter 8 Modifiers 8a Using Modifiers.......................................... 89 8b Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ......................... 90 Chapter 9 Word Choice 9a Clarity and Conciseness................................... 93 9b Vague vs. Vivid Words .................................... .97 9c Choosing Correct Words .................................. 98 9d Inclusive Language...................................... 101 9e Commonly Misused Words ............................... 106 Chapter 10 Shifts in Tense and Person 10a Consistency in Tense .................................... 108 10b Consistency in Person ................................... 111 ivPART 3 Grammar Basics Chapter 11 Parts of Speech 11a Nouns ................................................. 117 11b Pronouns .............................................. 121 11c Verbs.................................................. 126 11d Adjectives.............................................. 129 11e Adverbs ............................................... 131 11f Prepositions............................................ 133 11g Conjunctions ........................................... 136 11h Interjections ........................................... 139 Chapter 12 Components of a Complete Sentence 12a Capital Letters and Punctuation Marks .................... 140 12b Subjects and Verbs...................................... 142 12c Complete Thoughts ..................................... 144 PART 4 Punctuation & Mechanics Chapter 13 Punctuation 13a Commas ............................................... 149 13b Unnecessary Commas ................................... 153 13c Colons................................................. 155 13d Semicolons............................................. 156 13e Apostrophes ........................................... 158 13f Quotation Marks........................................ 160 13g Parentheses............................................ 162 13h Brackets ............................................... 164 13i Hyphens ............................................... 164 13j Ellipses ................................................ 167 13k Dashes ................................................ 168 Chapter 14 Spelling 14a Common Spelling Rules.................................. 170 14b Commonly Confused Words .............................. 175 vPART 5 Research Chapter 15 The Research Process 15a Making a Research Plan ................................. 183 15b Identifying Types of Sources.............................. 186 15c Finding Sources......................................... 191 15d Evaluating Source Credibility ............................. 192 15e Organizing Research .................................... 196 Chapter 16 Research Writing 16a Narrowing Your Research ................................ 199 16b Avoiding Plagiarism ..................................... 202 16c Integrating Sources into Your Writing ..................... 204 Chapter 17 MLA 17a Formatting the Document ............................... 208 17b Citing the Document Sources ............................ 211 17c MLA Sample............................................ 223 Chapter 18 APA 18a Formatting the Document ............................... 229 18b Citing the Document Sources............................. 239 18c APA Sample ............................................ 248 Chapter 19 CMS 19a Formatting the Document ............................... 256 19b Citing the Document Sources ............................ 257 19c CMS Sample............................................ 263 Chapter 20 CSE 20a Formatting the Document ............................... 272 20b Citing the Document Sources............................. 273 20c CSE Sample ............................................ 277 viOnline Resources To access additional resources for this title, please visit: hawkeslearning.com/handbook/resources Support Feel free to contact support for questions or technical help. 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